A Pragmatic Vision
Formed by the Stories of Baltimore
At the Start in 2005 America
Formed to address inner city poverty, Open Door America appeared on the scene in 2005 just as major funding for blighted communities was disappearing across the nation. In the wake of 9/11 and heightened security concerns, America was in double-time retreat from its contentious 40-year war on poverty. No longer were leaders convinced of the nation’s capacity to alter a poverty landscape only marginally-improved since the big push began in the 1960s. No longer were rank-and-file voters attentive to urban decay and its companion social ills. Crime was down, the jails were filled, and in blunt terms poverty had successfully been quarantined to the tenements and trailer parks of a forgotten America. For most, poverty in the new millennium was an abstract concept seldom covered in the news and rarely mentioned by office seekers. Providing convenient political cover was a widely-held but majorly-flawed view that declining welfare rolls following 1996 welfare reform also meant a decline in poverty. In truth, the more Washington attempted to rein in welfare spending, the more poverty grew. Even as the monthly caseload of welfare families shrank from 4.7 million in 1996 to 1.7 million in 2014, the number of people living in poverty increased by nearly 12 million. For many Americans, the first decade of the 21st century was a time of gnawing uncertainty about public spending on poverty programs. Growing disinterest and widespread disinformation eventually turned citizen anxiety into voter apathy. Into this fray stepped Open Door America.
Early R&D
After exploratory visits to a dozen renowned poverty centers from New York to Dallas, Open Door America adopted the seemingly prudent strategy of not reinventing wheels or tilting at windmills. Time was of the essence and dollars were in short supply so why waste either taking ground already captured? If it worked in Gary, Indiana, why would it not work in Charm City? If a diverse faith community could build a poverty colossus in Arlington, Texas, how hard could it be to get a cross-section of Maryland’s religious leaders to band together around Baltimore’s chronic 25% poverty rate? If creating green zones in west Chicago helped reduce gun violence, how long could it take to raze even 10% of Baltimore’s 16,000 vacant houses to help shrink a vast open air drug market? Eleven years later, we know the answers to these questions, but more importantly, we now know we asked the wrong questions.
Local Flavor
In examining the national marketplace, we began to see how local history and culture in cities like Baltimore play a pivotal role in shaping a region’s awareness of its poverty legacy. Setting up shop in one of America’s most racially-divided and economically-segregated cities, we fast understood that wounds from the past were present in nearly every poverty debate and strategy session. If finger-pointing and shoulder-shrugging were Olympic sports, Baltimore in 2005 would have been a gold medalist. The thriving, progressive Baltimore known for great universities and art galleries, nationally-ranked hospitals, and a gleaming Inner Harbor, was counter-weighted by 150,000 poor people (nearly all African-American) living a nightmare on the west and east sides of town. In our efforts to probe this dissonant relationship, time and again we encountered a fractious racial atmosphere keeping clergy from praying together, politicians from working together, and an apprehensive business community from owning the desperate employment needs of a quarter of the city. In hundreds of private discussions with people from all walks of life, the racial divide was readily acknowledged as the city’s dominant disease. Publically, however, the topic was habitually swept under the rug except for those rare occasions when a civic leader was willing to risk the favor of the downtown power centers. From our street-level work with over 900 poor families on Fayette Street and Milton Avenue, we came to see that old-fashioned racial stereotyping stubbornly dogged our clients’ daily interactions with the social services, criminal justice, and educational systems. Though many in Baltimore still prefer to deny these inconvenient truths, the city’s historic fixation with skin color and class distinctions continues to undermine its potential for coordinated action and sustainable change.
Conventional Wisdom
From the outset, we sought to draw on the conventional wisdom echoing in the public square. Our 12-city road trip fed this strategy and our early funders reinforced it. All agreed there was little to be gained by attempting to be original. We quickly adopted this working thesis: If poverty was as old as time and America was indeed a can-do nation of wise and compassionate people, then successful poverty remedies must be readily available in many forms from many sources. All we had to do was identify the right remedies and match them to east Baltimore with vigor and commitment. Simple. So we thought!
Fourteen years ago, conventional wisdom looked something like this: Poverty is a permanent condition of American life.
- Under most circumstances society is morally responsible to help the less fortunate.
- Helping the less fortunate comes with time-honored handling instructions engineered in Elizabethan England, adopted by colonial America, and woven into the national fabric over the past two-and-a-half centuries:
- The poor are to be bifurcated into “deserving” and “undeserving” camps.
- Sound public policy requires means-testing, morality measures, and structural deterrents to dependency.
- Private charity is nearly always preferable to public assistance.
- In modern America, children are always the most-deserving.
- Able-bodied adults of sound mind (especially those with criminal records) are always the least-deserving.
- The nation’s top priority should be the education, safety, and material needs of children.
- Poverty efforts for the undeserving should be small in scope and short in duration.
- “Ending welfare as we know it” in 1996 constituted a rare bipartisan moment in modern political history, though the full impact of the Clinton-Gingrich law came to depend on the magnitude and angle of the light conducted through your prism. For some, Public Law 104-193 constituted the beginning of the end of America’s heroic period of poverty initiatives. For others, it represented a mere course correction in policymaking. What we came to learn as we engaged 50 drop-ins a day, visited with hundreds on street corners and in dilapidated row houses, and mentored scores in jail cells and courtrooms was that welfare reform, the offshoring of manufacturing jobs, and the four-decade “war on drugs” were the driving forces behind the chaos and failure of their lives.
- Finally, after spending nearly $12 trillion on poverty programs from 1965 to 2005, most Americans at the start of the millennium were exhausted by the topic, convinced of its futility, and generally relieved when something like Open Door America was willing to take the wheel and steer the issue out of view.
Children First
With generous seed money and scores of volunteers from The Church at Covenant Park in Ellicott City, Maryland, we launched ourselves into the middle of the poverty fight in 2005-2006. In running a daily after-school program for a hundred elementary school children, we built on the R&D of national experts, tapped into the magic of mentor-to-child relationships, and experienced nearly instantaneous success in meeting our core objectives. Positive energy, strong participation, and accelerated learning were the hallmarks of our after-school. School administrators were pleased, teachers were ecstatic, and the Covenant volunteers were enthralled. At a unit cost of less than $1,000 per child, we were also $500 below the industry norm of $1,500. We were learning big lessons about the economic power of highly-motivated volunteers. We were seeing how the plight of children in trouble inspired Americans from all walks of life. One thing was missing: the parents. How could we help the moms and dads of the kids everyone wanted to help? Could we create an organization with the right deoxyribonucleic acid to enhance the growth, development, and functioning of embattled American families? Could we build a path to and for the parents?
From Our Blog
The Reverse Engineers of Poverty
BALTIMORE 15 YEARS AGO — Weaving our way through the chaotic streets of East Baltimore scrupulously plotting which corners to avoid at all costs after dark, we were unintentional co-conspirators in the life and death struggles of people we would never meet. Every choice we made dripped with sad, unintended consequences.
Buoyed by simple aspirations of an awakened America, we were intent on creating a renaissance vanguard one block at a time. Home to 300 murders a year and an unflinching poverty rate of 30 percent, we elected to see Baltimore as a city of endless possibilities. We believed in her people. Even in the early 2000s, the fearless optimism of the 1960s still seeded our thoughts and actions amidst unbelievable pain and despair.
GIVING OPPORTUNITIES
Big or small it all adds up!